History
IoT was born in 1999 when Kevin Ashton wanted to attach the RFID supply chain to the internet, then we have the internet of things he said. Later in 2005, the ITU said something (defined) the IoT 2005. But IoT really got ground in 2008 when the Connected objects (things) started to exceed the Human world population.
IoT?
IoT devices can connect with different wireless technologies: WiFi 802.11, 802.15.4 or ZigBee, Z-wave, 4G, and 5G., etc. There are vendors that sell 100 different sensor types with proprietary protocols because they want you to keep using their sensor types.
Home power measurement with IoT over Wi-Fi
So enough about history. We are at the point in history where most of us want to know the power consumption at home. Some people installed solar panels and look at that app the whole day. But what is it they actually want to know? Most of us want to know how much power we give and draw, subtract that one, and that’s how much power we pay or get money back for. We can do a manual calculation if you know how much every single electric device use. Or do we just believe the statistics that the energy supplier gives us every month.
But how nice is it to get real information from your house in real time? Without relying on the energy consumption stats of your Energy supplier. We can do it with this little IoT device in the picture below. There are more devices that can do this but this one is simple and easy. This P1-meter is a little IoT device called a P1-meter (HWE-P1-G1). It can be attached directly to your house energy box. It uses Wi-Fi (802.11) to connect. It’s connected to the cloud, and uses an APP to retrieve data from anywhere! It’s from the category CO (connected Object)->To service.
This is the P1-meter IoT device
This I see on the HomeWizard Energy app
I can see I currently give back 150w to the energy supplier.
When I look at my solar panels (it’s still early morning here) I can see I wake up 447w of energy.
So somewhere in my house, I use 297w (that’s my little server rack).
This is when I get power (loading electric car) now you can see I consume and do not give back.
So now let’s look if it complies with the 802.11 standards, yes it does (in this version).
And what are the capabilities of this little P1 meter
IEEE 802.11 Wireless Management
Fixed parameters (6 bytes)
Capabilities Information: 0x1411
…. …. …. …1 = ESS capabilities: Transmitter is an AP
…. …. …. ..0. = IBSS status: Transmitter belongs to a BSS
…. …. …. .0.. = Reserved: 0
…. …. …. 0… = Reserved: 0
…. …. …1 …. = Privacy: Data confidentiality required
…. …. ..0. …. = Short Preamble: Not Allowed
…. …. .0.. …. = Reserved: 0
…. …. 0… …. = Reserved: 0
…. …0 …. …. = Spectrum Management: Not Implemented
…. ..0. …. …. = QoS: Not Implemented
…. .1.. …. …. = Short Slot Time: In use
…. 0… …. …. = Automatic Power Save Delivery: Not Implemented
…1 …. …. …. = Radio Measurement: Implemented
..0. …. …. …. = EPD: Not Implemented
.0.. …. …. …. = Reserved: 0
0… …. …. …. = Reserved: 0
Status code: Successful (0x0000)
..00 0000 0101 1010 = Association ID: 0x005a
Tagged parameters (91 bytes)
Tag: Supported Rates 24(B), 36, 48, 54, [Mbit/sec]
Tag Number: Supported Rates (1)
Tag length: 4
Supported Rates: 24(B) (0xb0)
Supported Rates: 36 (0x48)
Supported Rates: 48 (0x60)
Supported Rates: 54 (0x6c)
Tag: Vendor Specific: Microsoft Corp.: WMM/WME: Parameter Element
Tag Number: Vendor Specific (221)
Tag length: 24
OUI: 00:50:f2 (Microsoft Corp.)
Vendor Specific OUI Type: 2
Type: WMM/WME (0x02)
WME Subtype: Parameter Element (1)
WME Version: 1
WME QoS Info: 0x80
1… …. = U-APSD: Enabled
…. 0000 = Parameter Set Count: 0x0
.000 …. = Reserved: 0x0
Reserved: 00
Ac Parameters ACI 0 (Best Effort), ACM no, AIFSN 3, ECWmin/max 4/10 (CWmin/max 15/1023), TXOP 79
ACI / AIFSN Field: 0x03
…. 0011 = AIFSN: 3
…0 …. = Admission Control Mandatory: No
.00. …. = ACI: Best Effort (0)
0… …. = Reserved: 0
ECW: 0xa4
1010 …. = ECW Max: 10
…. 0100 = ECW Min: 4
CW Max: 1023
CW Min: 15
TXOP Limit: 79
Ac Parameters ACI 1 (Background), ACM no, AIFSN 7, ECWmin/max 4/10 (CWmin/max 15/1023), TXOP 79
ACI / AIFSN Field: 0x27
…. 0111 = AIFSN: 7
…0 …. = Admission Control Mandatory: No
.01. …. = ACI: Background (1)
0… …. = Reserved: 0
ECW: 0xa4
1010 …. = ECW Max: 10
…. 0100 = ECW Min: 4
CW Max: 1023
CW Min: 15
TXOP Limit: 79
Ac Parameters ACI 2 (Video), ACM no, AIFSN 2, ECWmin/max 3/4 (CWmin/max 7/15), TXOP 128
ACI / AIFSN Field: 0x42
…. 0010 = AIFSN: 2
…0 …. = Admission Control Mandatory: No
.10. …. = ACI: Video (2)
0… …. = Reserved: 0
ECW: 0x43
0100 …. = ECW Max: 4
…. 0011 = ECW Min: 3
CW Max: 15
CW Min: 7
TXOP Limit: 128
Ac Parameters ACI 3 (Voice), ACM yes, AIFSN 2, ECWmin/max 2/3 (CWmin/max 3/7), TXOP 65
ACI / AIFSN Field: 0x72
…. 0010 = AIFSN: 2
…1 …. = Admission Control Mandatory: Yes
.11. …. = ACI: Voice (3)
0… …. = Reserved: 0
ECW: 0x32
0011 …. = ECW Max: 3
…. 0010 = ECW Min: 2
CW Max: 7
CW Min: 3
TXOP Limit: 65
Tag: HT Capabilities (802.11n D1.10)
Tag Number: HT Capabilities (802.11n D1.10) (45)
Tag length: 26
HT Capabilities Info: 0x192c
…. …. …. …0 = HT LDPC coding capability: Transmitter does not support receiving LDPC coded packets
…. …. …. ..0. = HT Support channel width: Transmitter only supports 20MHz operation
…. …. …. 11.. = HT SM Power Save: SM Power Save disabled (0x3)
…. …. …0 …. = HT Green Field: Transmitter is not able to receive PPDUs with Green Field (GF) preamble
…. …. ..1. …. = HT Short GI for 20MHz: Supported
…. …. .0.. …. = HT Short GI for 40MHz: Not supported
…. …. 0… …. = HT Tx STBC: Not supported
…. ..01 …. …. = HT Rx STBC: Rx support of one spatial stream (0x1)
…. .0.. …. …. = HT Delayed Block ACK: Transmitter does not support HT-Delayed BlockAck
…. 1… …. …. = HT Max A-MSDU length: 7935 bytes
…1 …. …. …. = HT DSSS/CCK mode in 40MHz: Will/Can use DSSS/CCK in 40 MHz
..0. …. …. …. = HT PSMP Support: Won’t/Can’t support PSMP operation
.0.. …. …. …. = HT Forty MHz Intolerant: Use of 40 MHz transmissions unrestricted/allowed
0… …. …. …. = HT L-SIG TXOP Protection support: Not supported
A-MPDU Parameters: 0x03
…. ..11 = Maximum Rx A-MPDU Length: 0x3 (65535[Bytes])
…0 00.. = MPDU Density: no restriction (0x0)
000. …. = Reserved: 0x0
Rx Supported Modulation and Coding Scheme Set: MCS Set
Rx Modulation and Coding Scheme (One bit per modulation): 3 spatial streams
…. ..00 0000 0000 = Highest Supported Data Rate: 0x000
…. …. …. …0 = Tx Supported MCS Set: Not defined
…. …. …. ..0. = Tx and Rx MCS Set: Equal
…. …. …. 00.. = Maximum Number of Tx Spatial Streams Supported: 0x0, TX MCS Set Not Defined
…. …. …0 …. = Unequal Modulation: Not supported
HT Extended Capabilities: 0x0000
…. …. …. …0 = Transmitter supports PCO: Not supported
…. …. …. .00. = Time needed to transition between 20MHz and 40MHz: No Transition (0x0)
…. ..00 …. …. = MCS Feedback capability: STA does not provide MCS feedback (0x0)
…. .0.. …. …. = High Throughput: Not supported
…. 0… …. …. = Reverse Direction Responder: Not supported
Transmit Beam Forming (TxBF) Capabilities: 0x00000000
…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …0 = Transmit Beamforming: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. …. …. ..0. = Receive Staggered Sounding: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. …. …. .0.. = Transmit Staggered Sounding: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. …. …. 0… = Receive Null Data packet (NDP): Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. …. …0 …. = Transmit Null Data packet (NDP): Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. …. ..0. …. = Implicit TxBF capable: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. …. 00.. …. = Calibration: incapable (0x0)
…. …. …. …. …. …0 …. …. = STA can apply TxBF using CSI explicit feedback: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. ..0. …. …. = STA can apply TxBF using uncompressed beamforming feedback matrix: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …. .0.. …. …. = STA can apply TxBF using compressed beamforming feedback matrix: Not supported
…. …. …. …. …0 0… …. …. = Receiver can return explicit CSI feedback: not supported (0x0)
…. …. …. …. .00. …. …. …. = Receiver can return explicit uncompressed Beamforming Feedback Matrix: not supported (0x0)
…. …. …. …0 0… …. …. …. = STA can compress and use compressed Beamforming Feedback Matrix: not supported (0x0)
…. …. …. .00. …. …. …. …. = Minimal grouping used for explicit feedback reports: No grouping supported (0x0)
…. …. …0 0… …. …. …. …. = Max antennae STA can support when CSI feedback required: 1 TX antenna sounding (0x0)
…. …. .00. …. …. …. …. …. = Max antennae STA can support when uncompressed Beamforming feedback required: 1 TX antenna sounding (0x0)
…. …0 0… …. …. …. …. …. = Max antennae STA can support when compressed Beamforming feedback required: 1 TX antenna sounding (0x0)
…. .00. …. …. …. …. …. …. = Maximum number of rows of CSI explicit feedback: 1 row of CSI (0x0)
…0 0… …. …. …. …. …. …. = Maximum number of space time streams for which channel dimensions can be simultaneously estimated: 1 space time stream (0x0)
000. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. = Reserved: 0x0
Antenna Selection (ASEL) Capabilities: 0x00
…. …0 = Antenna Selection Capable: Not supported
…. ..0. = Explicit CSI Feedback Based Tx ASEL: Not supported
…. .0.. = Antenna Indices Feedback Based Tx ASEL: Not supported
…. 0… = Explicit CSI Feedback: Not supported
…0 …. = Antenna Indices Feedback: Not supported
..0. …. = Rx ASEL: Not supported
.0.. …. = Tx Sounding PPDUs: Not supported
0… …. = Reserved: 0x0
Tag: HT Information (802.11n D1.10)
Tag Number: HT Information (802.11n D1.10) (61)
Tag length: 22
Primary Channel: 6
HT Information Subset (1 of 3): 0x08
…. ..00 = Secondary channel offset: No secondary channel (0x0)
…. .0.. = Supported channel width: 20 MHz channel width only
…. 1… = Reduced Interframe Spacing (RIFS): Permitted
0000 …. = Reserved: 0x0
HT Information Subset (2 of 3): 0x0004
…. …. …. ..00 = HT Protection: No protection mode (0x0)
…. …. …. .1.. = Non-greenfield STAs present: One or more associated STAs are not greenfield capable
…. …. …. 0… = Reserved: 0x0
…. …. …0 …. = OBSS non-HT STAs present: Use of protection for non-HT STAs by overlapping BSSs is not needed
…0 0000 000. …. = Channel Center Frequency Segment 2: 0
000. …. …. …. = Reserved: 0x0
HT Information Subset (3 of 3): 0x0000
…. …. ..00 0000 = Reserved: 0x00
…. …. .0.. …. = Dual beacon: No second beacon is transmitted
…. …. 0… …. = Dual Clear To Send (CTS) protection: Not required
…. …0 …. …. = Beacon ID: Primary beacon
…. ..0. …. …. = L-SIG TXOP Protection Full Support: One or more HT STAs in the BSS do not support L-SIG TXOP protection
…. .0.. …. …. = Phased Coexistence Operation (PCO): Inactive
…. 0… …. …. = Phased Coexistence Operation (PCO) Phase: Switch to or continue 20 MHz phase
0000 …. …. …. = Reserved: 0x0
Rx Supported Modulation and Coding Scheme Set: Basic MCS Set
Rx Modulation and Coding Scheme (One bit per modulation): Reserved:8
…. ..00 0000 0000 = Highest Supported Data Rate: 0x000
…. …. …. …0 = Tx Supported MCS Set: Not defined
…. …. …. ..0. = Tx and Rx MCS Set: Equal
…. …. …. 00.. = Maximum Number of Tx Spatial Streams Supported: 0x0, TX MCS Set Not Defined
…. …. …0 …. = Unequal Modulation: Not supported
Tag: RM Enabled Capabilities (5 octets)
Tag Number: RM Enabled Capabilities (70)
Tag length: 5
RM Capabilities: 0x02 (octet 1)
…. …0 = Link Measurement: Disabled
…. ..1. = Neighbor Report: Enabled
…. .0.. = Parallel Measurements: Disabled
…. 0… = Repeated Measurements: Disabled
…0 …. = Beacon Passive Measurement: Disabled
..0. …. = Beacon Active Measurement: Disabled
.0.. …. = Beacon Table Measurement: Not supported
0… …. = Beacon Measurement Reporting Conditions: Disabled
RM Capabilities: 0x00 (octet 2)
…. …0 = Frame Measurement: Disabled
…. ..0. = Channel Load Measurement: Disabled
…. .0.. = Noise Histogram Measurement: Disabled
…. 0… = Statistics Measurement: Disabled
…0 …. = LCI Measurement: Disabled
..0. …. = LCI Azimuth capability: Disabled
.0.. …. = Transmit Stream/Category Measurement: Not supported
0… …. = Triggered Transmit Stream/Category Measurement: Disabled
RM Capabilities: 0x00 (octet 3)
…. …0 = AP Channel Report capability: Disabled
…. ..0. = RM MIB capability: Disabled
…0 00.. = Operating Channel Max Measurement Duration: 0
000. …. = Nonoperating Channel Max Measurement Duration: 0
RM Capabilities: 0x00 (octet 4)
…. .000 = Measurement Pilotcapability: 0
…. 0… = Measurement Pilot Transmission Information: Disabled
…0 …. = Neighbor Report TSF Offset: Disabled
..0. …. = RCPI Measurement capability: Disabled
.0.. …. = RSNI Measurement capability: Not supported
0… …. = BSS Average Access Delay capability: Disabled
RM Capabilities: 0x00 (octet 5)
…. …0 = BSS Available Admission Capacity capability: Disabled
…. ..0. = Antenna capability: Disabled
…. .0.. = FTM Range Report Capability: Disabled
…. 0… = Civic Location Measurement Capability: Disabled
0000 …. = Reserved: 0x0